A kind of method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes

The invention relates to a method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of dyes, in particular to a method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes, and belongs to the technical field of dyeing and finishing. Reactive dyes are named because the dye molecules contain reactive groups that react with fibers, and can also be called reactive dyes. Reactive dyes are widely used due to their bright color, complete chromatogram, simple application process and excellent fastness, and reactive dyes can form covalent bonds with many fibers, making reactive dyes the most important type of cellulose fiber and textile dyeing. dye. However, the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes is low, and the utilization rate of dyes is not high, especially when dyeing dark colors (dye concentration is greater than 3% 0.w.f.), the fixation rate of dyes is generally around 50-80%, that is to say 20-50% of the reactive dyes are wasted without reacting with the fibers, which not only causes the waste of dyes and increases the cost, but also the disposal of high-chroma wastewater discharged is difficult, which is not conducive to environmental protection. In order to improve the utilization rate of dyes, people have carried out a lot of exploration in recent years, and cationic reagents are mostly used to modify fibers. In addition, people have also developed dyes with multiple reactive groups to improve the probability of the dyes reacting with fibers, but the dyes with multiple reactive groups are expensive, which limits their large-scale use. In summary, it is an urgent problem to be solved in the art to provide a method capable of improving the dyeing and fixing rate of reactive dyes, with simple steps and low cost. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a dyeing method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes, which is simple to operate, low in cost, and can effectively improve the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes, the method comprising the following steps: after completing the dyeing process, adding a cationic quaternary ammonium salt to the dye liquor, keeping the temperature for an appropriate time, and then carrying out post-treatment . In the method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention, preferably, the cationic quaternary ammonium salt used includes alkyl trimethyl ammonium halide, and the alkyl group is an alkyl group of 2-16 carbons . In the method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention, preferably, the cationic quaternary ammonium salts used include octaalkyl trimethyl ammonium halide, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium halide, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium halide Alkyl trimethyl ammonium halide or hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium halide, etc. In the method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention, preferably, the amount of the cationic quaternary salt used is 1wt%0.w.f.-5wt%0.w.f. In the method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention, preferably, the addition method of the cationic quaternary ammonium salt includes a linear addition method or a curve addition method of slow first and then fast. The specific implementation of the straight-line feeding method or the curve feeding method of slow first and then fast can be carried out according to conventional operations. In the method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention, preferably, the adding time of the cationic quaternary ammonium salt is controlled to be 20-60 min. In the method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention, preferably, the heat preservation is carried out at a dyeing temperature, and the dyeing temperature is the optimal reaction temperature of reactive dyes; wherein, the optimal reaction temperature of reactive dyes The temperature is: low temperature reactive dye is 60°C, high temperature reactive dye is 80°C. The method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention, preferably, the method specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: adding reactive dyes to the fabric to be dyed, and the mass ratio of the fabric to be dyed to the dye liquor is 1:4 -1:30 (preferably 1:12), dipping for 3-20min, adding salt, warming up to the optimum reaction temperature of reactive dyes, dyeing for 20min-30min, then adding alkaline substance, keeping warm; Step 2: adding cationic quaternary ammonium salt , be incubated 10min-45min under the dyeing temperature; Step 3: get rid of dye liquor, carry out the post-processing steps of washing, neutralization and soaping, complete the dyeing of reactive dyes to dyeing fabric. The key to the method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention is to add cationic quaternary ammonium salts to the dyeing solution and keep it warm for an appropriate time after the conventional dyeing is completed. This is done in a conventional manner and is not limited to the manner presented in the present invention. In the method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention, preferably, in step 1, the heating rate is 1-3°C/min. In the method for improving the dyeing and fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention, preferably, the salt used includes Yuanming powder, etc., and the amount of the dye solution is calculated based on the volume of the dye liquor. The feeding method is completed within 30min; the alkaline substances used include sodium carbonate, etc., based on the volume of dye liquor, the addition amount is 5-30g/L, and the curve feeding method is slow first and then fast at 30-45min Complete the join.