Aging performance test and standard introduction of geotextile
Geotextile is a kind of textile material that is developing rapidly in the field of geosynthetics, and is widely used in various engineering projects such as highways, railways, water conservancy, and construction. The aging performance of geotextiles directly affects the reliability and safety of the project. To study the aging phenomenon and causes of geotextiles, establish and standardize aging standard test methods, and further improve the aging performance of geotextiles, it is highly economical and strategic for engineering applications. significance. At present, the production and application of geotextiles are developing rapidly, and there are many studies on geotextiles, but there are relatively few studies on the aging properties of geotextiles. As an engineering material, the aging performance index of geotextile directly affects the life, safety and reliability of the project. Therefore, the research on the aging properties of geotextiles has high economic and strategic significance. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) defines geotextiles as: all textiles that are used with foundations, soil, rock, earth, or any other civil material, and are part of a man-made project or system [1]. Geotextiles are used together with foundations, soils, rocks, soils or other building materials, and use geotextiles to reinforce, protect, drain, filter, isolate, and impervious to soil [2]. Geotextiles have been called together with cement, steel and wood.“Four major building materials”[3]. Geotextiles can be divided into woven geotextiles, knitted geotextiles and non-woven geotextiles according to different processing methods [4]. Woven geotextiles are currently mostly used filament woven fabrics and flat filament woven fabrics, mainly made of polypropylene. The warp-knitted composite geotextile is made of glass fiber (or other synthetic fibers) as a reinforcing material, which is compounded with staple fiber needle-punched non-woven geotextile. Non-woven geotextiles mainly include staple fiber needle-punched geotextiles and filament spun clay fabrics. The selected synthetic fiber raw materials are mainly polyester, polypropylene, nylon, etc., of which polyester and polypropylene are mainly used. Whether knitted geotextile, woven geotextile or non-woven geotextile, in the process of processing, storage and use, it is susceptible to the combined action of internal factors and external factors, and its performance gradually deteriorates, so that it finally loses its use value. for aging. This is a common problem of geotextiles. Its essence is the breakage of molecular chains in the polymer structure and the change of chemical structure. Macroscopically, it is manifested as a decrease in the strength of geotextiles and damage to the macroscopic structure, which is an irreversible change [6-7] ]. 1. Reasons for aging phenomenon Geotextile aging has many manifestations: macroscopic manifestations are discoloration of appearance, embrittlement, loss of luster, structural changes, decline in mechanical properties, etc.; microscopic manifestations are changes in macromolecular structure and decline in macromolecular weight. Among them, the greatest impact on engineering applications is the decline of mechanical properties and the change of material structure. There are two reasons for aging, internal and external. Internal factors refer to the properties of the material itself, mainly including: the structural state of monomers, internal properties of polymer systems, additives, etc.; external factors refer to external environmental factors, mainly sunlight, oxygen, heat, moisture, pH, stress, industrial gases , seawater, salt spray, mold, bacteria, etc. There are various reasons that affect aging. Usually, various factors work together, but sunlight, water, oxygen, and heat are the most important factors. This paper mainly discusses these factors [8]. 2. Aging test Aging test is a means to study the aging law of geotextiles in a certain environment and evaluate the aging performance of geotextiles. Through the aging test, the strength, elongation, elastic modulus and microporous structure of the geotextile are tested over time. The aging test mainly includes artificial accelerated aging test, natural environment aging test and practical application aging test [9]. 1) Artificial accelerated aging test Place the sample in an aging box, and set the parameters of the aging box, such as temperature and humidity, ultraviolet intensity, rain, condensation, etc., according to the actual use of the sample or related aging standards. After a certain period of accelerated aging, the aging samples were compared with the original samples to estimate the aging resistance of the samples. The characteristics of accelerated aging by instrument are stable accelerated aging conditions, strong comparability, short test period and good reproducibility. The artificial accelerated aging test mainly includes: artificial accelerated ultraviolet aging test, artificial accelerated thermal aging test, artificial accelerated oxygen aging test, artificial accelerated damp heat aging test, etc.
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