Analysis of Textile Waterproof and Moisture Permeability Process

With the development of textile processing technology, textile products with certain functions continue to emerge. Waterproof textiles or waterproof textiles with functions such as moisture permeability, breathability, and warmth are used more and more in products such as outdoor jackets, firefighting suits, tarpaulins, and medical-specific protective clothing. From the current point of view, there are many processing techniques for waterproof and moisture-permeable textile materials. Products produced by different finishing processes have different waterproof and moisture-permeable effects. (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. is a textile testing instrument, capable of producing testing instruments, as well as Can provide a variety of weaving technology, welcome customers in need of inquiries. In addition, the engineer said that in order to better carry out the detection and evaluation of waterproof and moisture-permeable textiles, this paper summarizes and analyzes the processing technology of waterproof and moisture-permeable textiles, and conducts waterproof and moisture-permeable testing methods and evaluation indicators that are commonly used in the market. Research. Waterproof and moisture-permeable process The waterproof and moisture-permeable properties of textiles can be achieved by utilizing the huge difference between water vapor molecules and water molecules.“hole”, so that the size of the aperture is between the minimum diameter of the droplet (100μm) and water vapor diameter (0.0004μm), the fabric can only allow water vapor molecules to pass through, but prevent the penetration of water droplets, so that the fabric has both waterproof function and good moisture permeability. The dense hydrophilic membrane waterproof and moisture-permeable fabric transmits water vapor under a certain temperature and humidity gradient through the chemical adsorption of the hydrophilic segment of the hydrophilic membrane; the hydrophobic segment of the hydrophilic membrane prevents the penetration of liquid water. Waterproof and moisture permeability are a pair of contradictory indicators. It is impossible to absolutely put forward the strict requirements of excellent waterproofness and excellent moisture permeability. At present, there are mainly three kinds of waterproof and moisture-permeable textile technologies. Hydrophobic agent finishing method In order to prevent rain, people use natural products such as tung oil and linseed oil to coat cloth or paper to make airtight oil cloth and oil paper to achieve waterproof effect, but it is very hard and has poor durability. After the rubber is discovered, it is made into a rubber-coated cloth. Although it is softer, it is still airtight and uncomfortable to wear. In order to solve the problem of air permeability, many hydrophobic treatment agents have been invented successively, such as the early aluminum soap water repellent, paraffin emulsion, etc. Now ordinary raincoats are treated with hydrophobic agents, and recent hydrophobic agents such as silicone and organic fluorine have relatively low performance. Excellent and more versatile. It is well known that after the fabric is impregnated, dried and baked in emulsions or solutions of various hydrophobic agents, a layer of hydrophobic genes is formed on the surface of the fabric to achieve the purpose of waterproofing. The moisture permeability varies slightly with different hydrophobic agents, but the water resistance is not ideal, the water pressure resistance is low, and it is not resistant to washing. The emergence of polymer composite materials by coating finishing method has produced many polymer coatings, such as neoprene rubber, vinyl resin, polyacrylic resin, polyurethane, etc. At the same time, the synthetic fiber industry developed at the same time provides strength A fabric like tall, lightweight pure nylon acts as a base fabric, making the coated waterproof fabric light and soft. Since the coating formulation varies with the polymer, various additives can be added, so many varieties can impart various excellent properties such as low temperature resistance, oil resistance, mildew resistance, etc. Some add hydrophilic substances, and the moisture permeability is also increased, further improving practical performance. In recent years, great progress has been made in polymer theory and synthesis technology, and ultra-thin polymer membranes with micropores have been produced, which can be combined with fabrics by bonding or lamination techniques, such as polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membranes and nylon fabrics. Laminated into a composite material that keeps the fabric soft, lightweight, and breathable and waterproof. The microporous nature of coatings and films is mainly used. In the past, hydrophilic particles, porous fillers, foaming agents and other methods were added to the coating to generate a passage for sweat vapor in the coating. However, these methods produced small pores. Uneven and does not completely block water droplet immersion. Now starting from the microstructure morphology of the polymer, it is found that some polymers can form a fibril-like lamellar structure under specific process conditions, which can be deformed by uniaxial stretching and form micropores between the rows and columns. After heat treatment, the structure is fixed. The diameter of these micropores is 0.2 to 10 microns, and the porosity is more than 80%, which is equivalent to more than one billion micropores on a square centimeter. Because the diameter of the micropores is 1/5000~ 1/20000 is about 700 times the diameter of water vapor molecules, so it can prevent water droplets from passing through, and allow water vapor molecules to pass freely. Compact fabric method The moisture-permeable and waterproof fabric made of high-density fabric completely maintains the natural appearance of the fiber fabric. It does not need hydrophobic agent finishing and processing, and has no coating or film covering, so it has a good hand feeling, soft style and excellent wearing performance. This is the product of the combination of ultra-fine fiber and ultra-high shrinkage technology. Using ultra-fine fiber of 0.1 denier or finer, the fabric has more than 10,000 fibers per inch in the warp direction and 50,000 to 60,000 fibers per inch in the weft direction. Root fiber, the density of this fabric is about 20 times that of ordinary fabrics, and the fabric is 60% of the original fabric area after shrinkage, so the texture is tight, like synthetic leather, with fine fluff standing on the surface, and the pores are only about 7 microns. Playing the role of moisture permeability and waterproof, this microfiber can be synthetic fibers such as polyester and nylon, or cotton fibers.

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