Comparative analysis of testing principle and experimental method of fabric burst strength meter
Definition: The phenomenon that the fabric bulges, expands and breaks under the load of a vertical fabric plane is called bursting. The bursting strength of the fabric is an important mechanical index of the fabric. Test significance The tensile strength is not suitable for some fabrics (such as knitted fabrics and lace), but burst strength can be used instead. When the fabric is damaged, it is often stressed at the same time in the warp, weft, and oblique directions. In particular, some knitted products (such as weft knitted fabrics) have the characteristics of vertical extension and horizontal contraction, and the vertical and horizontal directions have a greater impact on each other. If the tensile strength test is used, the warp, weft and oblique directions must be tested separately, and the rupture strength can be a one-time evaluation of the fabric strength. Bursting mechanism woven fabric: the deformation of the fabric in the direction of the warp and weft is caused by the shearing of the two sets of warp and weft yarns. The elongation deformation is greater than that in the warp and weft direction. Under the action of the top force, the deformation ability is firstly smaller. The yarn at the weakest point of direction and strength is broken, and then torn in the warp or weft direction relative to each other, so the slit is generally straight. If the warp and weft deformability of the fabric is similar, the warp and weft yarns break at the same time when bursting, and the cracks are often L or T?-shaped, indicating that the warp and weft yarns play the greatest role at the same time, and the bursting strength is higher than that of a straight crack. Knitted fabric: The loops collude and connect into one piece, and jointly bear the elongation and deformation until the fabric is torn. Non-woven fabric: It is mainly the fiber breakage and the loosening of the fiber web. The top break is a raised loose fiber bag, and the burst is the fiber web tearing and cracking. Test method: There are three main methods for testing burst strength or burst strength: burst method, marble burst method and steel ball method. Foreign countries such as the United States, Japan, South Korea, Canada, Australia, etc. use the burst method to test [1]. my country's GB/T 7742.1-2005 'Textiles, Fabric Bursting Performance Part 1: Determination of Bursting Strength and Bursting Expansion: Hydraulic Method' standard quotes the burst test method in the international standard ISO 13938-1:1999. The test principle is: clamp the sample on the extensible diaphragm, apply liquid pressure under the diaphragm, and increase the liquid volume at a constant speed, so that the diaphragm and the sample are expanded until the sample ruptures, and the bursting force is measured [ 2], this method can also test the burst expansion of the sample. Before the national standard 'Cotton Knitted Underwear' was revised, the burst strength was tested by the marble burst method, that is, a 25 mm round marble was used to press the knitted fabric to test. The test methods listed in the GB/T 19976-2005 'Determination of Bursting Strength of Textiles and Steel Balls' standard formulated in 2005 have two differences compared with the previous ones: First, the diameter of the bursting ball (steel ball) is changed. It is 38 mm. The second is to stipulate that the strength test instrument is the international CRE (constant velocity extension type) strength meter. Bursting mechanism: the plain weave will form cracks parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fabric, and there will be more loops falling off along the transverse direction of the fabric; while the broken cracks of the pique weave are in the shape of holes, and the damage is mainly manifested by the break of the yarn. Almost no coil break-up is formed. The three methods have similar failure mechanisms: the weak ring theory is known from the weak ring theory: when the knitted fabric is burst or burst, it will be damaged at the weakest point of a certain strong force first, and then a stress concentration will be generated at the damaged point. As the test site progresses, the plain weave fabric will have a large number of loops scattered in the transverse direction around the failure, and the crack will continue to expand in the longitudinal direction; the piqué fabric will have more yarns to break, and the crack will expand along the circumference. Test results: The comparison of the results by different test methods is as follows: 1) The diameter of the steel ball is larger than that of the marble, and the burst strength obtained by the steel ball method is also greater than that of the marble burst method. 2) The three test methods have similar failure mechanisms. The shape of the crack after the fabric is broken is basically the same. 3) The results of the three test methods have a good linear relationship with each other, and there is a good correlation between the three.
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