Development of Comprehensive Testing and Evaluation Technology for Electric Vehicles1

1. American electric vehicle testing and evaluation (1) American advanced vehicle testing program In the United States, in order to establish a bridge between the research and development and industrialization of advanced vehicle technologies such as electric vehicles, the U.S. Department of Energy (hereinafter referred to as DOE) free vehicle technology With the support of the Freedom CAR and Vehicle Technologies Program, the Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA) project was launched, aiming to provide national-level, comprehensive and impartial advanced vehicle technology testing and evaluation services. It is the premier state-led testing and evaluation activity in the United States, including testing and evaluation of light-duty vehicles, advanced powertrains, batteries, and charging infrastructure. AVTA has established a relatively complete test and evaluation system and procedures for electric vehicles, including Baseline performance testing, Accelerated reliability testing and Fleet testing. Through the development of the AVTA project, the United States improves the construction of testing and evaluation capabilities, establishes relevant technical specifications for testing and evaluation, and promotes the formulation of relevant standards for electric vehicles; it provides experimental technical support for enterprises to conduct product development, thereby accelerating the commercialization and industrialization of electric vehicles; Provide real electric vehicle performance for enterprises and individuals purchasing electric vehicles so that they can make scientific purchasing decisions; at the same time, it also provides a basis for the government to formulate policies to promote the development of electric vehicles. (2) SAE Technical Standards for Electric Vehicles The Society of Motor Engineers (SAE) has issued 51 technical standards for various types of electric vehicles since the first standard on electromagnetic radiation was issued in 1990, including the terms of various types of electric vehicles. and safety technical requirements, test and measurement methods for vehicle power, economy and emission, electromagnetic field strength, etc., various test procedures for batteries and battery modules, and high-voltage cables, wiring harnesses, components, and connectors for electric vehicles. Technical requirements and test methods. established in 2001“SAE Fuel Cell Standards Committee”, 7 standards have been issued on the quality requirements of hydrogen fuel, the performance test and recovery of hydrogen fuel cell systems, and the hydrogen fuel filling connection device. With the continuous advancement of electric vehicle technology and the emergence of various new types of electric vehicles (such as extended-range electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles), SAE is constantly revising and improving its standard system, such as SAE J 1711 ' Test Methods for Emissions and Energy Consumption of Light-Duty Hybrid Electric Vehicles. 2. European electric vehicle test evaluation The main regional organizations engaged in electric vehicle standardization in Europe are: European Committee for Standardization (CEN), European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), etc. CEN/TC301 was established in 1992, and its main scope of work is to be responsible for the standardization work in the field of pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, mainly to solve the standard problems required for these two types of vehicles to be driven on the road. In 1995, CEN/TC301 issued recommendations for electric vehicle braking, and proposed different design schemes for regenerative braking systems. The standards compiled later mainly include vehicle structural safety requirements, fault and electric shock protection, and vehicle performance measurement ( speed, acceleration performance, climbing performance, energy consumption and driving range, emissions of hybrid vehicles, etc.), vehicle power requirements (charging station, on-board charger noise, etc.). 3. Electric vehicle testing and evaluation in Japan The Japan Electric Vehicle Association (JEVA) mainly conducts electric vehicle standardization work in Japan. The electric vehicle standard (JEVS) formulated is relatively complete, covering the electric vehicle itself, test methods, motors/controllers , battery and charging system, etc. The electric vehicle standards that have been published so far include 13 items for complete vehicles, 2 items for motors and controllers, 7 items for batteries, and 5 items for chargers. JEVA is working on the following two aspects: the first is the evaluation method of the energy efficiency of electric vehicles and their components, including the energy efficiency evaluation and terminology of the charger; the other is the energy efficiency evaluation method of the hybrid vehicle.​

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