The protection and control measures of air particle pollutants

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the country has“Vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization”This paper systematically discusses the construction of ecological civilization, and integrates ecological civilization with economic construction, political construction and cultural construction. Particulate matter in the atmosphere not only reduces the visibility of the air, but also affects human health to varying degrees. The degree of impact is related to the particle size, chemical composition and concentration of the particulate matter [1]. Particulate pollutants are also known as aerosol-state pollutants. In air pollution, aerosols refer to small solid particles, liquid particles or their suspension systems in gaseous media with negligible sedimentation velocity, which can be divided into primary particles and secondary particles. [2]. Improving people's quality of life and protecting human health, survival and development have become the basic principles of our air management. Hazards of air particulate pollutants (1) Hazards to human health. Atmospheric fine particles enter the body from the respiratory system, destroy the immune mechanism of the respiratory system in the throat and bronchi, cause various respiratory diseases (cough, asthma) and increase the risk of lung infection. The latest research points out that the impact of atmospheric particulate matter on the reproductive system is not only manifested in the morphological deformity of the fetus at birth, but also can lead to some subtle functional defects, which will affect its life. The lead compound particles generated by the combustion of lead-containing gasoline diffuse into the atmosphere and enter the human body with the respiratory tract, thereby affecting the health of the body [3]. (2) Hazards to living things. The first is to poison or kill the organism, the second is to slow down the normal development of the organism, and the last is to reduce the resistance of the organism to pests and diseases. The importance of cadmium as an air pollutant has been increasing in recent years. It is reported in the literature [4] that the cadmium emitted into the atmosphere in the United States has an obvious increasing trend year by year. Cadmium in the atmosphere mainly comes from industrial production, such as smelting and calcining of non-ferrous metals, sintering of ores, etc. [5]. Cadmium pollution not only affects the growth and development of crops [8, 9], yield and quality, but also harms humans and animals through the food chain, endangering human health and life safety [10]. Sources of Air Particulate Pollutants (1) Classification of the sources of particulate pollutants. Solid particulate matter produced in the process of fuel combustion, usually referred to as solid particulate matter, such as soot, fly ash, etc.; particulate matter formed by the condensation of lead halide discharged from automobile exhaust and man-made SO2 converted into sulfate particles under certain conditions secondary particulate matter. Atmospheric particulate matter can be divided into three categories according to particle size: the equivalent diameter is less than or equal to 100μm particles are called TPS; less than 10μm of particulate matter is called PM10; less than 2.5μm of particulate matter is called PM2.5. (2) The problem of particle pollution control. On February 27, 2013, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the 'Announcement on the Implementation of Special Emission Limits for Air Pollutants'.“Twelve Five”The key control area of ​​the plan. Environmental protection departments at all levels in the key control areas must strictly comply with the special emission limit requirements of air pollutants, and examine and approve all new projects.“three at the same time”system to manage to ensure that special emission limit requirements are met [7]. However, there are still many problems in the control of air pollutants in my country. First, the causes of smog are complex, and it is difficult to cure smog by only one method or means. Second, the coverage of haze is wide, and the coordination of haze management is poor. The experience and ability of haze management in various regions in my country are limited, so there are still major problems in the coordination of haze management. Third, smog weather continues to increase, and the emission of air pollutants continues to increase. Fourth, the application of science and technology in smog control is insufficient, and the scientific and technological means of smog control still need to be strengthened and developed [11]. Particulate pollutant protection and control of ecological civilization construction“ new normal”The proposal of the concept scientifically solves the embarrassing situation between economic development and environmental protection, and prompts us to gradually find a balance between the two through continuous exploration. In 2016, the State Council issued the“ Thirteenth Five”The Ecological Environmental Protection Plan pointed out that the strictest environmental protection system should be implemented to form a governance system jointly governed by the government, enterprises and the public [12]. (1) Establish and improve the legal system, strictly legislate, and enforce the law fairly. Strengthen legislation and establish and improve a unified national air quality standard system. On the basis of a solid legal basis, reasonable emission targets for each province and city shall be set, and emission reduction targets shall be allocated to enterprises and factories for specific implementation. On the other hand, the specific implementation process of relevant laws is strictly supervised, and specific punishment measures are formulated to force heavy polluting enterprises to gradually move towards sustainable development under the norms of national laws and regulations. (2) Implement regional joint prevention and control, and establish key governance areas. Smog control requires all regions to strengthen cooperation and joint efforts. In this regard, the government should implement a regional joint prevention and control strategy and actively promote all parties in the society to play their own advantages. According to the characteristics of unbalanced regional development in my country, key areas for smog control have been established. For example, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta are the regions with relatively developed economy and the most dense urban agglomerations in China, and are also the regions with the most frequent occurrence of haze weather. Strictly control the smog in these three urban agglomerations and give priority to it, which has a typical demonstration role for my country's smog control work. (3) Establish a reward and punishment mechanism to encourage enterprises and the public to participate in smog control.

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