There are new discoveries at the Sanxingdui site, and the instruments escort the archaeological cause

Sichuan, Guanghan, Sanxingdui. An archaeological excavation being carried out here has once again made the hot search boil. Fragments of gold masks, bird-shaped gold ornaments, bronze sacred trees, and fragments of exquisite ivory carvings……6 Newly Discovered at Sanxingdui Ruins“sacrificial pit”, more than 500 important cultural relics have been unearthed.​​“This archaeological excavation adheres to the concept of fine excavation, adopts a variety of modern scientific and technological means, and builds a new mode of preventive protection of the archaeological excavation site. It can be said that it has set a new benchmark for future archaeological excavations and research.”Wang Wei said in an interview with a reporter from Science and Technology Daily on March 21. So what instruments are needed for archaeology? 1. Metal detectors Metal detectors were used to detect underground metals in the early days. This type of instrument is a very professional instrument. Some can detect underground metals, detect underground cavities, and can identify non-ferrous metals and ferrous metals, quantity, size, range, can be displayed on the detector. Archaeological metal detectors have the characteristics of wide detection, accurate positioning, strong resolution, and easy operation. Archaeological metal detectors are mainly used to detect and identify buried metal objects. Archaeological metal detectors use the principle of electromagnetic induction - a coil through which alternating current is passed, creating a rapidly changing magnetic field. This magnetic field can induce eddy currents inside the metal object. The eddy current will generate a magnetic field, which in turn affects the original magnetic field, causing the detector to emit a beep. Metal detectors have been used in mine detection for a long time, and have now become a widely used security equipment. There are metal detectors as security inspection equipment in airports, government buildings, important buildings and Olympic venues. In addition, decoration Workers and municipal construction workers also use it to detect cables and pipes in the ground or in walls. 2. Harmful gas analyzer The ancient tomb has not been ventilated for a long time, and the gas inside may be harmful, and it is impossible to determine whether there are other harmful gases in the air, which also causes many archaeologists to suffocate underground due to the air. Air detection is an important task for archaeologists. Very big challenge. Gas analyzers mainly use gas sensors to detect the types of gases present in the environment. Gas sensors are sensors used to detect the composition and content of gases, generally based on the detection target. Hazardous gas analyzer is a kind of gas analyzer. It can effectively detect the biogas, CO, chlorine and other gases that are harmful to human body existing in the ground. It can even display the content of various gases directly on the screen. It can also be used in archaeological work. Play an important role. 3. ICP-OES spectrometer When it comes to archaeology, everyone can think of cultural relics. There are also many experts in the inspection of cultural relics. Everyone is not only concerned about the age of the cultural relics, but also the material of the cultural relics. Cultural relics cannot be destroyed or dissolved, so the method used should be non-destructive testing. The body of the geological and mineral samples is relatively complex, the genetics are not very good, and the digestion is difficult. The ICP-OES spectrometer can quickly do this detection. The traditional ICP method to analyze the sample requires complete digestion of the sample and conversion into the liquid phase, which is difficult and depends on the experience of the analyst. The new technology of ICP-OES spectroscopy is the real direct reading of the spectrum, one exposure, all Puxian from ultraviolet to near infrared, no matter the high or low concentration can be read at one time. It is a true full-spectrum reading with fast start-up and fast measurement. The gas-saving design saves time and effort. And beneficial sensitivity, excellent resolution and good precision are highly desirable. Instruments escort the cause of archaeology As early as 2009, my country has developed a vehicle type that can detect and protect cultural relics at the excavation site.“mobile lab”, which integrates the functions of information collection, intelligent pre-detection, analysis and detection, and on-site extraction on the mobile vehicle. Equipped with intelligent control, sensors, computers, transmission, data processing and space technology and other equipment, it can accurately grasp the buried environment of cultural relics through on-site video, temperature, humidity monitoring and wireless data transmission systems, so as to realize the timely detection of unearthed cultural relics. Detection and analysis and collection of environmental data of cultural relics unearthed. Greatly improve the ability of archaeological detection and on-site protection of unearthed cultural relics in my country. By 2016, the instrumentation tools for archaeology have gone further, remote sensing information, virtual reality, drones, etc.“black technology”In archaeological excavation and restoration of cultural relics, it has played a great role in remote sensing monitoring, scanning and mapping, and from remote sensing archaeology to space archaeology. Instruments and instruments not only play their precise role, but also greatly shorten the time for archaeological discoveries. Since 2012, the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has used space archaeology technology to participate in the archaeology along the Silk Road. . Compared with the seniors who took nearly ten years to find the ancient city of Bazhou, this can be said to be a“Miracle”. With the continuous expansion of my country's intelligent field, in addition to being used in archaeology, instruments and meters are also emerging in the cultural relics protection industry. In 2015, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of my country announced a list of demonstrations for the industrialization and application of cultural relics protection equipment. Among the eight projects, instrumentation technology, including instrumentation monitoring system, imaging system, etc., accounts for the vast majority. Taking the cultural relics hyperspectral/hyperspectral imaging equipment as an example, the equipment applies visible light-near infrared hyperspectral/hyperspectral imaging technology to achieve simultaneous acquisition of spectral information and spatial information of cultural relics; Spectral image processing software to form a hyperspectral/hyperspectral imaging system for cultural relic analysis. A number of instruments and equipment have been deployed together to escort the protection of cultural relics in my country.

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